On 4 August 2023, the Ethiopian government declared a six-month state of emergency with nation-wide application, following increased violence in the Amhara region. The state of emergency, approved by Ethiopia’s House of People’s Representatives on 14 August 2023, gives the government sweeping powers to arrest suspects without a court warrant, impose curfews, prevent freedom of movement, and ban public assemblies or associations.
Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s office cited threats to national security and public peace, and significant economic impacts, blaming the unrest on “armed extremist groups.” The conflict began in April after federal attempts to disarm Amhara’s regional forces and dismantle the Fano militia.
Recent fighting has led to militia attacks on army units, roadblocks, and suspended flights to Lalibela and Gondar. The state of emergency bans protests and grants authorities extensive powers, including detentions without court orders and curfews. These measures could extend to other regions if needed.
Amnesty International criticized Ethiopian authorities for using the state of emergency to suppress dissent, detaining politicians and journalists arbitrarily. The state of emergency, extended since February 2, 2024, grants broad powers to arrest without warrants, impose curfews, and restrict movement and assembly.
The organization highlighted the lack of transparency surrounding the extension and cited instances of arbitrary arrests. Notably, prominent figures critical of the government, including politicians and journalists, have been detained without charge.
Since the state of emergency declaration in August 2023, mass arrests have been reported, with thousands detained and many released after “education.” Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed confirmed hundreds remain in custody.
Journalists have also been targeted, with several arrested and held without charges. Amnesty International called for due process and urged authorities to either press charges or release detainees.
Ethiopia’s repeated use of states of emergency to crack down on dissent has drawn international concern. The organization highlighted the country’s obligations under international human rights law and called for justice and accountability for rights violations.
Amnesty International is investigating reports of extrajudicial executions by Ethiopian security forces in the Amhara region, where internet and communication restrictions have been imposed amid armed conflict.
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